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Strictly speaking, the harmonic refers to the electric quantity contained in the current whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental wave, and generally refers to the Fourier series decomposition of the periodic non-sinusoidal electric quantity, and the electric quantity generated by the current whose frequency is greater than the fundamental wave frequency.
Harassment power test is one of the most common EMC tests in the certification of AV products, home appliances and power tools. This paper starts from the test principle of harassment power, discusses the main points of the test, as well as the analysis of the reasons for the failure of the test, and the countermeasures that can be taken. After giving a practical rectification case to illustrate.
Surge test (lightning test)
Lightning surge test is a test project of EMS, which mainly tests the immunity of the equipment under test (EUT) to the induced voltage transient generated by lightning. Because during the use of EUT, when lightning strikes, an induced peak voltage may be generated on the power line and signal line, which may cause EUT performance degradation or even damage. The lightning surge test is to simulate and generate a peak voltage through a surge signal generator (lightning surge generator) and couple it to the power line and data line, observe whether EUT can work normally under such a large induction pressure impact.
Corona discharge is a kind of discharge characterized by corona. When two electrodes in a gas have a shape that causes the electric field on their surface to be significantly larger than the electric field between the two electrodes. Corona discharge will cause electromagnetic interference, which will interfere with aircraft and aerial bombs, causing terminal or failure of communication system and causing accidents.
In the current flow through the place will be accompanied by magnetic field, in order to check the equipment or system in the vicinity of the power frequency magnetic field, the resistance to magnetic field disturbance.
Radiated disturbance refers to the electronic, electrical products or systems by its internal circuit work to the surrounding space emitted electromagnetic waves. This test is essentially to test the radiation signals generated by two equivalent antennas in the product. One is the equivalent antenna signal loop, and the loop is the equivalent antenna that generates radiation. The source of this radiation is the current signal flowing in the loop. Another equivalent antenna model is a monopole antenna or a symmetrical dipole antenna, these conductors, which are equivalent to monopole antennas or symmetric dipole antennas, are typically cables or other longer sized conductors in the product.
Radiated Immunity: RS (Radiated Immunity Test), also known as Radiated Sensitivity Test, is one of the most basic test items in EMC test. It mainly verifies the ability of various devices, equipment and systems to resist radiation in the presence of certain external radiation interference. The radio wave indication method is used for testing.
Voltage sag test items: voltage sag and short-term interruption, voltage sag and voltage interruption are caused by the failure of power grid and power facilities or sudden large changes in load. The voltage variation is bowed by a continuous variation of the load connected to the grid. If the EUT does not respond to changes in the supply voltage in a timely manner, it is possible to cause a fault.
Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Detection Introduction: Due to the extensive use of switching power supplies in electronic products, while improving the efficiency of power supply, a large amount of harmonic current will be injected into the power grid due to nonlinear power conversion, which will not only interfere with other equipment in the same power grid, but also overload the centerline current of the power grid and affect the transmission capacity. In addition, the phase control of the power supply will also cause changes in the effective value current of the power grid, resulting in fluctuations in the effective value voltage of the load side, causing the lights of the lighting fixtures to flicker.
Electrical fast transient pulse group is a transient disturbance generated at the disconnection due to insulation breakdown of the switch contact gap or contact bounce when the inductive load (such as conduction interference generated by relays and contactors, radiation interference generated by high-voltage switch switching, etc.) is disconnected. When the inductive load is repeatedly switched on and off, the pulse group will be repeated many times with the corresponding time gap. This kind of transient disturbance energy is small, generally will not cause damage to the equipment, but because of its wide spectrum distribution, it will have an impact on the reliable operation of electronic and electrical equipment.
The magnetic induction current radiation disturbance test mainly tests the radiation emission of similar lamps and other appliances to the outside in the low frequency band of 9k ~ 30MHz, which is mainly composed of three-loop antenna and receiver, and the test is usually carried out in the shielding room.
Conducted disturbance test is one of the most used test methods in electromagnetic compatibility test.
Conducted disturbance test mainly tests the interference intensity caused by the voltage and current of electronic and electrical equipment or system to other equipment when it is transmitted through the signal line, power line or ground wire during normal operation, and tests whether these disturbances exceed the limit value required by the standard. Similar to the radiated emission, the test measured value is compared with the limit to determine whether the EUT (equipment under test) is qualified, and if the measured value is lower than the limit, it will pass, otherwise it will fail, so as to ensure that other equipment working on the public grid is not interfered.
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